The past perfect is used to show a clear time relationship between two past actions occurring in the same sentence. It shows which action happened first.
It is formed with the auxiliary verb 'have' in the simple past tense and the past participle.
The past perfect continuous is similarly used to show a clear time relationship between two past actions, one of which occurred for a period time before the second action occurred.
It is formed with the auxiliary verb 'have' in the simple past tense, the past participle of 'be', and the -ing form of the main verb.
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